Tube CAD Journal

Push-Pull Amplifiers

   There is no reason why push-pull amplifiers cannot be used with the partial feedback technique. The Williamson amplifier topology makes an easy conversion to partial feedback. The Input stage is a grounded-cahtode amplifier that cascades into a split-load phase splitter. The next stage, the driver stage in the stock amplifier is a differential amplifier of sorts. Breaking this balnced, compound circuit into two grounded cathode amplifiers assures a consistently and relatively high output impedance from this stage.

 

Other Uses for Partial Feedback

Feedback is feedback; it can be used in preamps, crossovers, equalizers, line stages, and power amplifiers. The power amplifier readily benefits from the greatly lowered plate resistance, as the output transformer has limited amount of inductance, which the lower rp aids. But another benefit of the partial feedback topology is that it can be switched in or out of circuit. For example, problem we face in designing a phono preamp is the dissimilar output voltages of the MM and the MC cartridge. Do you design for high gain and MC use or lower gain and MM use? Or do you try to compromise and aim for some center point that serves neither cartridge type well?

One solution is a preamp that has adjustable gain. Here is where switching the partial feedback in and out of circuit shines. If resistor Rfb is removed, we are left with a grounded cathode amplifier; with it in place, we have a plate follower of sorts with greatly reduced gain and distortion and lower output impedance.

 

Of course, the switching should only occur when the phono stage is completely shut off.

 

 

Conclusion

    This topology deserves a first and second look from tube fanciers. Quick and short, it bestows many of the benefits of a cathode follower without needing huge input voltage swings. 

If you have any questions or experience with this topology, please drop us a line. For my own research, I plan on building a push-pull amplifier based on this circuit. The output stage will consist of 8 6BX7 tubes; the input and driver stage, 12SN7 tubes; the output transformers will be Dynaco MK3 outputs; the mode of operation will be strict class-A.

 

 

Bibliography

After publishing an article like this one, I receive a few E-mails asking for further research sources. So here is a short preemptive strike.

Fundamentals of Television Engineering
by Glenn M. Glasford, 1956, McGraw-HillSection 10-10: Feedback amplifiers with bilateral transmission between input and output.

 
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